You edit the project file in Visual Studio, and use the Command Window to build the project and examine the results. If you have a Visual Studio subscription, sign in and find the link to download the latest version of Build Tools for Visual Studio If you don't have a Visual Studio subscription, you can still install the latest version of the build tools.
On this page, use the version selector to switch to the version of the page and follow the installation instructions. With Visual Studio and later, it's installed under the Visual Studio installation folder. For a typical default installation on Windows 10, MSBuild. In the installer, make sure MSBuild tools for the workloads you use are selected, and choose Install. With Visual Studio , it's installed under the Visual Studio installation folder.
It is automatically selected when you choose any of the other workloads to install. Another way of getting MSBuild is to install the. This makes it easy to create a new project file using Visual Studio. In this section, you create a Visual C project file. You can choose to create a Visual Basic project file instead.
In the context of this walkthrough, the difference between the two project files is minor. In the search box, type winforms , then choose Create a new Windows Forms App.
NET Framework. In the dialog box that appears, choose Create. In the Project name box, type BuildApp. Then choose OK. In the Name box, type BuildApp. In the previous section, you used Visual Studio to create a Visual C project file. The project file is represented in Solution Explorer by the project node named BuildApp.
You can use the Visual Studio code editor to examine the project file. All project files are named with the suffix proj. If you had created a Visual Basic project, the project file name would be BuildApp.
Project files are XML-formatted files with the root node Project. If the project is not an SDK-style project, you must specify the xmlns namespace in the Project element.
If you don't know the MSBuild version, you can get it from the first two numbers from the output of the following command line for example, The work of building an application is done with Target and Task elements.
A task is the smallest unit of work, in other words, the "atom" of a build. Tasks are independent executable components which may have inputs and outputs. There are no tasks currently referenced or defined in the project file. You add tasks to the project file in the sections below.
For more information, see the Tasks topic. A target is a named sequence of tasks. For more information, see the Targets topic.
The default target is not defined in the project file. Instead, it is specified in imported projects. The Import element specifies imported projects. For example, in a C project, the default target is imported from the file Microsoft. In SDK-style projects, you don't see this import element, since the SDK attribute causes this file to be imported implicitly.
MSBuild keeps track of the targets of a build, and guarantees that each target is built no more than once. Add these lines to the project file, just after the Import statement or the opening Project element. This creates a target named HelloWorld. Privacy policy. MSBuild projects that use the standard build process importing Microsoft. A Directory. For details, see MSBuild response files. You can add a new property to every project by defining it in a single file called Directory.
When MSBuild runs, Microsoft. If it finds one, it imports the file and reads the properties defined within it. Linux-based file systems are case-sensitive. Make sure the casing of the Directory. See this GitHub issue for more information.
Run MSBuild. When searching for a Directory. So, avoid referring to properties that are not yet defined and will evaluate to empty. Properties that are set in Directory. So, it can override properties and targets defined in most of the build logic, or set properties for all your projects regardless of what the individual projects set. When you need to set a property or define a target for an individual project that overrides any prior settings, put that logic in the project file after the final import.
In order to do this in an SDK-style project, you first have to replace the SDK-style attribute with the equivalent imports. The MSBuild engine reads in all imported files during evaluation, before starting build execution for a project including any PreBuildEvent , so these files are not expected to be modified by the PreBuildEvent or any other part of the build process. Any modifications do not take effect until the next invocation of MSBuild. Also, if your build process contains many project builds as with multitargeting or building dependent projects , then imported files, including Directory.
It might be desirable to have common properties for all projects 1 , common properties for src projects 2-src , and common properties for test projects 2-test. To make MSBuild correctly merge the "inner" files 2-src and 2-test with the "outer" file 1 , you must take into account that once MSBuild finds a Directory.
To continue scanning and merge into the outer file, place this code into both inner files:. Or more simply: the first Directory. MSBuild is import-order dependent, and the last definition of a property or a UsingTask or target is the definition used. When using explicit imports, you can import from a.
Here is the widely used convention:. For many properties, it doesn't matter where they're defined, because they're not overwritten and will be read only at execution time. For behavior that might be customized in an individual project, set defaults in.
Avoid setting dependent properties in. Set dependent properties in. If you need to override properties, do it in a. The MakeDir task creates a folder that is named by the OutputPath property, provided that no folder by that name currently exists. This instructs the Visual C compiler to produce an assembly that is named by the AssemblyName property and to put it in the folder that is named by the OutputPath property.
Now you can build the application by using the project file in which you used build properties to specify the output folder and application name. The Clean target invokes the Delete task to delete the application. The Rebuild target does not run until both the Clean target and the Build target have run.
Although the Rebuild target has no tasks, it causes the Clean target to run before the Build target. At the command prompt, type msbuild helloworld. Because you did not use the -t switch to explicitly set the target, MSBuild runs the default Build target.
The -p switch overrides the AssemblyName property and gives it the new value, Greetings. This causes a new application, Greetings. Delete the MSBuildSample application by typing msbuild helloworld.
Delete the Greetings application by typing msbuild helloworld. This runs the Clean task to remove the application that has the given AssemblyName property value, Greetings. Although a project file is not specified, MSBuild builds the helloworld. You can tell MSBuild to build a target only if the source files or target files that the target depends on have changed. MSBuild uses the time stamp of a file to determine whether it has changed.
This specifies that the Build target depends on the input files that are specified in the Compile item group, and that the output target is the application file.
Remember that helloworld. Skipping target "Build" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. MSBuild skips the Build target because none of the source files have changed since the application was last built.
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